Reflections Theory Free Essays

Reflections theory Introduction In this report I will be comparing two reflective theories, outlining their similarities and differences. I will be choosing the one I believe to be the best in my opinion. This will be the one I will be using in my end of year reflective account. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflections Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The two reflective theories I will be looking at are, Johns Model of Structured Reflection and Gibbs’s Reflective Cycle. Theories There are two main differences between the two theories. Johns uses a linear structure, with a beginning and an end. However, Gibbs uses a more cyclic structure and has no defined beginning or end. John’s theory is also mainly aimed towards health care and talks about working with patients and their families. Gibbs on the other hand can be aimed more towards students and their experiences. Johns uses the 2 main headings: Looking in and looking out. Under Looking in there are 5 Sub-Headings: Aesthetics, Personal, Ethics, Empirics and Reflexivity. Johns for the most part requires the need to work with a supervisor and as such he calls this a guided reflection. It requires you to write a description of the experience before you begin the reflection, once you have done this it requires you to follow the questions as they come up. One of the advantage of Johns reflective model is that there is a clear Beginning and an end meaning the person looking back on their experience has a clear outline on where to begin and the process used in the reflection. However the issue with the reflexive pattern of knowing is that it will only be relevant for a situation that has been resolved. If your were trying to analyze a situation that’s was ongoing you would have to incorporate parts of another reflective model to help you. With Johns model of structured reflection you would not have to use all the questions within the model, but you could also use the questions a number of times if appropriate. Gibbs Reflective Model is easier to be used by students as it talks about getting a clear understanding the situations. It uses the six main Headings: Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion and Action Plan. It uses these heading to gain a clear understanding of what went on, what was the experience like for the person, how they interpreted the situation, what they could have done and what they would do again if the situation arose again. Because there is no defined structure and no definite beginning or end, there is the advantage that if the person going through the reflection of their experience and they look back on it they can add more information to each section as and when they think of it, so they can go back or forward to one of the headings and add in the information into the specific field. For example if they feel they need to talk about their feeling first they can do that or if they feel they need to evaluate the situation or talk about what they would do again, and add their input to it, as they can go through the cycle as many times as they need to get all the information down. Gibbs also talks about what would we do different if the situation arose again. They both put great emphasis on the feelings and the emotions of the person throughout the reflection process. They both talk about what happened and try to make sense of the situation. They both also talk about Conclusion To conclude the theory that I will be choosing for my reflective practice at the end of year is, Gibbs Reflective Cycle. I have chosen this reflective model for a number of reasons. I believe that Gibbs reflective cycle is more aimed towards Student whereas Johns is aimed more towards health care and talks about working with patients and their families. Gibbs reflective model is also easier to interpret and I believe it to be easier to use to analyze any given situation with the main headings it uses to gain information about the situation the feelings of the person and the experience the person underwent during any given situation. I believe it is easier to follow than Johns model of structured reflection. Gibbs reflective cycle does not require the need of a supervisor to aid the reflection whereas; John’s model talks about have one present to go through the reflection process. I will be using Gibbs Reflective cycle as I feel that it is more relevant to myself and it is clearer to follow and would be easier to use for my reflection process. References (2012) REFLECTION. Available: http://moodle. bcu. ac. uk/tee/pluginfile. php/116376/mod_resource/content/0/reflective_models. pdf. Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. (2012) About Johns’ model of structured reflection. Available: http://www. brookes. ac. uk/services/upgrade/a-z/reflective_johns. html. Last accessed 16th Dec 2012. (2012) About Gibbs reflective cycle. Available: http://www. brookes. ac. uk/services/upgrade/a-z/reflective_gibbs. html. Last accessed 16th Dec 2012. How to cite Reflections Theory, Essay examples

Reflections Theory Free Essays

Reflections theory Introduction In this report I will be comparing two reflective theories, outlining their similarities and differences. I will be choosing the one I believe to be the best in my opinion. This will be the one I will be using in my end of year reflective account. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflections Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The two reflective theories I will be looking at are, Johns Model of Structured Reflection and Gibbs’s Reflective Cycle. Theories There are two main differences between the two theories. Johns uses a linear structure, with a beginning and an end. However, Gibbs uses a more cyclic structure and has no defined beginning or end. John’s theory is also mainly aimed towards health care and talks about working with patients and their families. Gibbs on the other hand can be aimed more towards students and their experiences. Johns uses the 2 main headings: Looking in and looking out. Under Looking in there are 5 Sub-Headings: Aesthetics, Personal, Ethics, Empirics and Reflexivity. Johns for the most part requires the need to work with a supervisor and as such he calls this a guided reflection. It requires you to write a description of the experience before you begin the reflection, once you have done this it requires you to follow the questions as they come up. One of the advantage of Johns reflective model is that there is a clear Beginning and an end meaning the person looking back on their experience has a clear outline on where to begin and the process used in the reflection. However the issue with the reflexive pattern of knowing is that it will only be relevant for a situation that has been resolved. If your were trying to analyze a situation that’s was ongoing you would have to incorporate parts of another reflective model to help you. With Johns model of structured reflection you would not have to use all the questions within the model, but you could also use the questions a number of times if appropriate. Gibbs Reflective Model is easier to be used by students as it talks about getting a clear understanding the situations. It uses the six main Headings: Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion and Action Plan. It uses these heading to gain a clear understanding of what went on, what was the experience like for the person, how they interpreted the situation, what they could have done and what they would do again if the situation arose again. Because there is no defined structure and no definite beginning or end, there is the advantage that if the person going through the reflection of their experience and they look back on it they can add more information to each section as and when they think of it, so they can go back or forward to one of the headings and add in the information into the specific field. For example if they feel they need to talk about their feeling first they can do that or if they feel they need to evaluate the situation or talk about what they would do again, and add their input to it, as they can go through the cycle as many times as they need to get all the information down. Gibbs also talks about what would we do different if the situation arose again. They both put great emphasis on the feelings and the emotions of the person throughout the reflection process. They both talk about what happened and try to make sense of the situation. They both also talk about Conclusion To conclude the theory that I will be choosing for my reflective practice at the end of year is, Gibbs Reflective Cycle. I have chosen this reflective model for a number of reasons. I believe that Gibbs reflective cycle is more aimed towards Student whereas Johns is aimed more towards health care and talks about working with patients and their families. Gibbs reflective model is also easier to interpret and I believe it to be easier to use to analyze any given situation with the main headings it uses to gain information about the situation the feelings of the person and the experience the person underwent during any given situation. I believe it is easier to follow than Johns model of structured reflection. Gibbs reflective cycle does not require the need of a supervisor to aid the reflection whereas; John’s model talks about have one present to go through the reflection process. I will be using Gibbs Reflective cycle as I feel that it is more relevant to myself and it is clearer to follow and would be easier to use for my reflection process. References (2012) REFLECTION. Available: http://moodle. bcu. ac. uk/tee/pluginfile. php/116376/mod_resource/content/0/reflective_models. pdf. Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. (2012) About Johns’ model of structured reflection. Available: http://www. brookes. ac. uk/services/upgrade/a-z/reflective_johns. html. Last accessed 16th Dec 2012. (2012) About Gibbs reflective cycle. Available: http://www. brookes. ac. uk/services/upgrade/a-z/reflective_gibbs. html. Last accessed 16th Dec 2012. How to cite Reflections Theory, Essay examples

Peapod Groceries

Peapod is a grocery company that sells its products over the internet. Customers make their orders on-line and the orders are delivered to their doorsteps. It was founded in 1989 by two brothers, Andrew and Thomas Parkinson. The goal behind the establishment of this company was to make shopping easy for all types of customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Peapod Groceries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In July 1990, Peapod began testing its market by allowing customers in Evanston to place orders on-line. It also provided software to the customers and sold modems to them in order to make ordering easy. By that time, the two brothers did not have a vehicle for the company and deliveries were made using their own cars. Family members and friends came in to help them in the picking, packing, and delivery of the products to the customers. By 1998, demand for Peapod’s products had increased substantially and the company expanded to other markets such as Chicago and also opened its own website. Its mission is to provide friendly and quality services to all its customers as it strives to exceed customers’ expectations (Peapod-Online Grocery Shopping, 2005). Peapod’s largest market is in Chicago area. It has managed to expand its services to other states including but not limited to New Jersey, Boston, New York, and Baltimore. To make marketing easy, Peapod has partnered with big companies in the food industry in the respective state of its operation. For instance, in Chicago, it has formed a partnership with Jewel Food Stores and Randall’s in Texas. Peapod is the leading e-retailer in the grocery industry and this has been made possible by the partnerships it formed with Royal Ahold, an international food company based in Netherlands (Peapod, 2010). Today, 75% of Peapod’s services are targeted to the single parents and families with young children (Peapod-O nline Grocery Shopping 2005). These are the people who are believed to have less time to go to the grocery stores and would prefer shopping from their houses. However, this is a very narrow market considering the growth in the online market. In addition, it has only been able to expand on specific geographical areas especially along the East coast. I believe Peapod target market will change with time when it starts to put other things into consideration. Apart from time issues, other factors that can be considered in designing the target market are physical constraints such as inability of the elderly to jump from one vehicle to the other while going to the grocery stores. Just like other on-line groceries, Peapod has been experiencing the problem of customers questioning the quality and freshness of its products. To curb this problem, the company has introduced a delivery system called Stay Fresh that keeps all products at optimal temperatures before they are delivered to customers .Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With this system, customers are able to receive their products when they are still fresh and this has led to an increase in the company’s sales. Another problem that is experienced by the company is that many customers are not quick to make orders for products they cannot see. Although the website may contain much information on the nutritional value of the products, the pictures displayed on the website do not offer a good basis for customers to make comparisons (Bretagne, 2010). Other people argue that purchasing over the internet is more expensive than face-to-face purchases. Peapod Company has introduced a marketing strategy that allows customers to use promotional code. This ensures that customers are convinced about the company’s products and they are also able to save money (Riedman, 1997). Peapod has been able to uti lize its warehouse facilities to customize its products. To do this, Peapod uses centralized distribution with a warehouse and a wareroom. Deliveries are made on the day following an order request using an intact supply chain. This has allowed the company to utilize the use of the store’s assets in opening new markets which are later transitioned into warehouses as the business expands its operations. The use of Ahold stores has assisted the company in the provision of quality products and services, controlling its inventory, and minimizing out-of-stocks (Peapod, 2010). One of the major competitors that are likely to enter the online grocery shopping market is Wal-Mart stores. This is the largest retailer in the world a position which it has earned through its marketing approach including low priced products, just-in time delivery, and its organizational behavior. Wal-Mart’s superior marketing strategy complements its mission statement and has seen its product being we ll positioned in the market. The company’s reputable brand name is a source of competitive advantage as it lures customer traffic. There is a likelihood of the company going online in marketing of its groceries and if this happens, it will be a major threat to Peapod considering its market position. Another competitor likely to enter the market is Publix Super market. This is a supermarket based in Florida. It was ranked among the best one hundred international companies and it’s among the largest companies in America. Publix is a food retailer that is privately owned although not available to a large population.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Peapod Groceries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This company has not yet gone on-line but with the current trend in technology and the increased reliance on the internet, it poses as a major competitor for Peapod for the reason that soon it may decide to market its groceries over the internet. Peapod uses a two way communication system which helps in increasing its sales volume as well as its development. It uses external advertising agents such as Kraft Foods and Frito-lay. About 75% of its customers are able to access its services over the website while the rest use dial-up method to access the services (Riedman, 1997). One of its selling tools includes pre-testing of its content before they are placed on the web. This ensures that customers are not deceived but get the right information. Today, about 15 million households shop at Peapod online market in spite of all the competitors present in the online market. To ensure that it is able to retain its customers, it analyses customers’ shopping behavior through promotions which forms part of its business model. Having looked at the history and current situation of Peapod, I conclude that peapod has a promising future. In five years to come, the company will have extended int o other international markets. It would be better if the company considers expanding into the developing countries since most of the large companies have not yet explored these markets. However, the company has to develop new marketing strategies that will help in beating the present competition. One of such strategies would be low cost products and services that will see the company being ranked as the largest online retailer in marketing of groceries ten years from now. Reference List Bretagne, R. (2010). Bad Experiences with Shopping Grocery Online. Web. Peapod, (2010). The Peapod Start. Web.Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Peapod-Online Grocery Shopping (2005). Peapod Official Website. Riedman, P. (1997). Media Marketing: Peapod Readies For Web With Revised Service: Shoppers’ Buying Habits to Be True Test of Ads. Web. This report on Peapod Groceries was written and submitted by user Ishaan Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Human Tragedy and Cruelty

Human Tragedy and Cruelty Human history is full of various dark spots. Contemporary people often contemplate events which took place years ago. These people often argue that all those horrors could never have happened if people had been wiser. However, these very ‘thinkers’ do not understand that their ‘right paths’ are far from being realistic. Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Human Tragedy and Cruelty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Of course, there are many who understand that what is done cannot be undone, and what has been done could not have been done in any other way. Many understand that history cannot be ‘judged’ as there can be no right and wrong. Primo Levi (2000) stresses that there is no line between the good and the bad, and there are no two camps. Hannah Arendt (2000) and Primo Levi (2000) provide bright examples which confirm that such viewpoints are right. Arendt (2000) reveals the sto ry of a man who made a lot of controversial deeds in his life. However, it is possible to note that the author presents the story in a one-sided manner. Eichmann is depicted as a silly man who was in position which let him send thousands of people to death. Sometimes the author does reveal positive aspects of Eichmann’s character and deeds. For instance, it is stated that he did a lot to help Jews leave the Nazi country when it was possible. However, the general tone of the writing is judgemental. Clearly, the author does not believe the man was forced to act in the way he did. Nonetheless, no one can judge a person if he/she was not there, in that person’s shoes. Levi (2000) provides other insights in a similar discussion. The author notes that even such negative figure as Chaim Rumkowski was not to be judged. Levi states that the man did a lot of horrible things, but he also did some good things. More importantly, Levi claims that it is unclear what contemporary â⠂¬Å"judges† would do should they be put in the same position. The author stresses that people who were in concentration camps (both inmates and guards) were gradually losing their best qualities. It is important to note that Levi’s position should be exploited when analysing historical events. It is crucial to take into account all details. It is essential to avoid any judgment. Clearly, Arendt’s method is wrongful as it can lead to mere distortion of facts. Notably, this judgemental method has been often used throughout people’s history. Ironically, the Nazis made use of it as well. This one-sided presentation of facts becomes a part of ideology and propaganda. People have witnessed what propaganda can do as such leaders as Hitler and Stalin exploited these means extensively. Of course, people have no right to make the same mistake and focus on one side of the matter.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, it is necessary to remember that even the â€Å"judges† cannot be sure they would not have done the same if they had found themselves in similar conditions. Obviously, Eichmann did not wake up one morning to accept the fact he was to send thousands of people to die. He was rather a victim of circumstances. To sum up, people should learn their lesson while analysing the darkest events in the history of humanity. It is important to take into account all possible details and listen to all parties involved. The truth can be quite unpleasant, but people still should know the truth about themselves to try to avoid conditions which make people do horrible and inhumane things. Reference List Arendt, H. (2000). The portable Hannah Arendt. P. Baehr (Ed.). New York, NY: Penguin Books. Levi, P. (2000). The gray zone. In O. Bartov (Ed.), The holocaust: Origins, implementation, aftermath (pp. 251-273). New York, NY: Rou tledge.

Definition of Monopsony

Definition of Monopsony Monopsony is a market structure in which there is only one buyer of a good or service. If there is only one customer for a certain good, that customer has monopsony power in the market for that good. Monopsony is analogous to monopoly, but monopsony has market power on the demand side rather than on the supply side. A common theoretical implication is that the price of the good is pushed down near the cost of production. The price is not predicted to go to zero because if it went below where the suppliers are willing to produce, they wont produce. Market power is a continuum from perfectly competitive to monopsony and there is an extensive practice/industry/science of measuring the degree of market power. As an example, for workers in an isolated company town, created by and dominated by one employer, that employer is a monopsonist for some kinds of employment. For some kinds of U.S. medical care, the government program Medicare is a monopsony.

Time Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Time Management - Research Paper Example Notably, time is constant and scarce and hence this topic seeks to define the need and methods that help college students to develop effective strategies to manage their time for purposes of balancing the conflicting demands of study time, working hours, leisure time, and other endeavors that limit study time. In college education, time management is significant in revising for examinations, attending lectures, and participating in sporting activities. I chose this topic because traditional students always lack enough time to do everything they need in college. As such, this topic will inform the students on the need and methods of planning and controlling the amount of time spent on certain activities with an aim of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of their academic pursuit. This topic is significant in that it informs the students on the benefits of proper time management as well as the academic problems. Proper time management in college may involve future planning, monitoring the allocation of available time, goal setting, and prioritizing tasks. Numerous tools, skills, and techniques will help the students to accomplish their goals and tasks within the set deadlines. Such methods may include goal setting, prioritizing tasks, monitoring the academic pursuit, creating a list, organizing a work schedule, and limiting procrastination. Through effective time management, college students will enjoy certain benefits that may include good performance, establishing conducive learning environment.

TAKE HOME MIDTERM Enlish Literature - Mode of cosmopolitanism at work Essay

TAKE HOME MIDTERM Enlish Literature - Mode of cosmopolitanism at work in the last chapter of The Professor - Charlotte Bronte - Essay Example The relationship between William and Frances is rooted in mutual respect and a shared sense of purpose in life, as well as a love of learning. Shortly after making his proposal of marriage to Frances, William suggested she quit her job and occupy herself at home, to which she demurred saying †¦people who are only in each other's company for amusement, never really like each other so well, or esteem each other so highly, as those who work together, and perhaps suffer together. You speak God's truth, said I at last†¦ (Bronte 122) Perhaps this quote strikes true to the mark for the reader who feels disconnected or lacking in a sense of belonging. Perhaps what is missing today is a cause of action worthy of struggle and self-deprivation, and a fitting companion with whom to make the journey. Having previously warned her husband-to-be of her philosophy, it came as no shock that a short while after they were married, she proposed to start an academy for girls, to which he agreed wholeheartedly. She included him in the effort, asking of him one hour each day: daily exacted of me for her establishment, and with which she would not dispense. She said that I must spend that time amongst her pupils to learn their characters, to be AU COURANT with everything that was passing in the house, to become interested in what interested her, to be able to give her my opinion†¦ (Bronte 136) William was happy to give, of course, what professor is not willing to answer questions? His wife desired that he feel a sense of belonging in her school and be connected to it, which he was happy to give to her. Theirs was a rich and rewarding relationship, each respectful and loving toward the other; each willing to provide what the other needed. Yet they had friends as well, friends of such quality that they could discuss their financial details: as soon as we had capital to invest, two well-skilled counsellors, one in Belgium, one in England, viz. Vandenhuten and Hunsden, gave us each a word of advice as to the sort of investment to be chosen.(Bronte 138) Hunsden, a brash, opinionated adventurer, is the perfect foil to display the quiet strength and reserve of William, The Professor. Yet, within this relationship are several nuances of interest, with a strong theme of intellectualism. Frances and Hunsden began their relationship in debate, and have not stopped since. Never overly hostile, the reader seems to sense a genuine affection in Frances toward Hunsden, although an affection well seasoned with caution. However, it is the intellectual theme that ties the relationships together, given the strong intellectual bent of all the principal characters. The marketplace of ideas and concepts truly belongs to the world, and borders are only enforced in this world by the limitations of language. Hunsden’s choices in friends and companions is also an issue, modeling an intellectual world if ideas and concepts. William hailed originally from England and Fr ances, from Switzerland. They found themselves together in Brussels, with the dream that one day they could take time to themselves and move to England. William felt a sense of belonging to his shire, the place of his birth and boyhood. Frances desired to go to England not out of happy memories looking back but rather pleasant dreams looking forward. It